At Alpine Air, we recognize that the world of heating, ventilation, air conditioning (HVAC) and plumbing can be filled with technical terms and industry jargon that may be unfamiliar to many. To help you navigate this landscape with ease, we have created a comprehensive glossary of HVAC and plumbing terminology. This resource is designed to provide clear definitions and explanations of key terms, ensuring that you have a solid understanding of the concepts related to your HVAC and plumbing systems. Whether you’re a homeowner, a property manager, or a contractor, our glossary aims to empower you with the knowledge you need to make informed decisions about your heating, cooling and plumbing needs.
HVAC
HVAC
An acronym for Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning, HVAC refers to the technology and systems used to regulate indoor environmental conditions, including temperature, humidity, and air quality.
SEER (Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratio)
A measure of the efficiency of air conditioning systems. It is calculated by dividing the cooling output (in BTUs) by the energy consumed (in watt-hours) over a typical cooling season. Higher SEER ratings indicate more energy-efficient systems.
BTU (British Thermal Unit)
A unit of measurement for energy. It represents the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one pound of water by one degree Fahrenheit. BTUs are commonly used to describe the heating or cooling capacity of HVAC systems.
Ductwork
A system of ducts used to distribute heated or cooled air throughout a building. Properly designed ductwork is essential for efficient HVAC operation and maintaining consistent indoor temperatures.
Thermostat
A device that regulates the temperature of a heating or cooling system by turning it on or off based on the desired temperature set by the user. Smart thermostats can learn user preferences and optimize energy usage.
Air Filter
A component of an HVAC system that removes dust, allergens, and other particles from the air. Regularly changing air filters is crucial for maintaining indoor air quality and system efficiency.
Refrigerant
A substance used in HVAC systems to absorb and release heat as it circulates through the system. Common refrigerants include R-410A and R-22, each with specific properties and environmental considerations.
Heat Pump
A versatile HVAC system that can provide both heating and cooling by transferring heat between the indoors and outdoors. Heat pumps are known for their energy efficiency and can be used in various climates.
Zoning System
A system that divides a building into different zones, each with its own temperature control. Zoning allows for customized heating and cooling in different areas, improving comfort and energy efficiency.
Indoor Air Quality (IAQ)
A measure of the quality of air within a building, which can affect the health and comfort of occupants. Factors influencing IAQ include ventilation, humidity levels, and the presence of pollutants.
Condenser
A component of an air conditioning system that releases heat absorbed from the indoor air to the outside environment. The condenser is typically located outside the building and works in conjunction with the evaporator coil.
Evaporator Coil
A component of an air conditioning system that absorbs heat from the indoor air, causing the refrigerant to evaporate and cool the air before it is circulated back into the building.
Ventilation
The process of exchanging or replacing air in a space to improve indoor air quality. Ventilation can be natural (through windows and doors) or mechanical (using fans and HVAC systems).
Humidity
The amount of moisture present in the air. Maintaining proper humidity levels is essential for comfort and can impact the efficiency of HVAC systems.
Maintenance Agreement
A contract between a service provider and a customer that outlines scheduled maintenance services for HVAC systems. Maintenance agreements often include regular inspections, filter changes, and priority service.
AFUE (Annual Fuel Utilization Efficiency)
A measure of a furnace’s efficiency in converting fuel to energy over a year. It is expressed as a percentage; the higher the AFUE rating, the more efficient the furnace. For example, a furnace with an AFUE of 90% converts 90% of the fuel it uses into heat.
MERV (Minimum Efficiency Reporting Value)
A rating system used to measure the effectiveness of air filters. MERV ratings range from 1 to 16, with higher numbers indicating better filtration capabilities. Filters with higher MERV ratings can capture smaller particles and improve indoor air quality.
Chiller
A mechanical device that removes heat from a liquid via a vapor-compression or absorption refrigeration cycle. Chillers are commonly used in large commercial buildings to provide cooling for air conditioning systems.
Variable Speed Motor
A type of motor that can adjust its speed based on the heating or cooling demand of the building. Variable speed motors improve energy efficiency and provide more consistent temperature control compared to single-speed motors.
Ductless Mini-Split System
An HVAC system that provides heating and cooling without the need for ductwork. It consists of an outdoor compressor unit and one or more indoor air-handling units, making it ideal for homes without existing duct systems.
Dehumidifier
A device that removes excess moisture from the air to maintain comfortable humidity levels. Dehumidifiers are often used in basements, bathrooms, and other areas prone to high humidity.
Air Handler
A component of an HVAC system that circulates air throughout the building. It contains a blower, heating and/or cooling elements, and filters to ensure that conditioned air is distributed effectively.
Geothermal Heat Pump
A type of heat pump that uses the stable temperature of the ground or groundwater to provide heating and cooling. Geothermal systems are highly efficient and environmentally friendly, utilizing renewable energy from the earth.
Load Calculation
A process used to determine the heating and cooling requirements of a building. Load calculations take into account factors such as building size, insulation, windows, and occupancy to ensure the HVAC system is appropriately sized.
Energy Recovery Ventilator (ERV)
A device that exchanges stale indoor air with fresh outdoor air while transferring heat and moisture between the two airstreams. ERVs help improve indoor air quality while minimizing energy loss.
Condensate Drain
A pipe or channel that removes excess moisture produced by the air conditioning system. Proper drainage is essential to prevent water damage and mold growth in HVAC systems.
Smart Thermostat
A programmable thermostat that can be controlled remotely via a smartphone or computer. Smart thermostats can learn user preferences and optimize heating and cooling schedules for improved energy efficiency.
Heat Exchanger
A device that transfers heat between two or more fluids without mixing them. Heat exchangers are commonly used in HVAC systems to improve efficiency by recovering waste heat.
Air Quality Monitor
A device that measures indoor air quality parameters, such as temperature, humidity, and levels of pollutants. Air quality monitors help identify issues that may affect health and comfort.
Commissioning
The process of verifying and ensuring that HVAC systems are designed, installed, and functioning according to the specified requirements. Commissioning helps optimize system performance and energy efficiency.
Plumbing
Plumbing
The system of pipes, fixtures, and fittings installed in a building for the distribution of water and the removal of waste.
Drainage System
A network of pipes that carries wastewater away from a building to a sewer or septic system.
Fixture
A device that is connected to a plumbing system, such as sinks, toilets, bathtubs, and faucets, used for the delivery or disposal of water.
Clog
A blockage in a pipe or drain that prevents the normal flow of water or waste.
Sewer Line
A pipe that carries wastewater from a building to a municipal sewer system or a septic tank.
Water Heater
A device that heats water for domestic use, typically for bathing, cooking, and cleaning.
Flapper Valve
A rubber or plastic valve in a toilet tank that controls the flow of water from the tank to the bowl during flushing.
Backflow
The unwanted reverse flow of water in a plumbing system, which can lead to contamination of the potable water supply.
Hydro Jetting
A method of clearing clogged pipes using high-pressure water jets to remove blockages and buildup.
Pipe Fitting
A component used to connect sections of pipe, change the direction of flow, or control the flow of water in a plumbing system.
Septic System
An underground wastewater treatment system that processes and disposes of sewage from a building not connected to a municipal sewer.
Sump Pump
A pump used to remove water that has accumulated in a sump basin, typically found in basements to prevent flooding.
Vent Pipe
A pipe that allows air to enter the plumbing system, preventing vacuum formation and ensuring proper drainage.
Trap
A curved section of pipe that holds water to prevent sewer gases from entering a building or home while allowing wastewater to flow through.
Water Pressure
The force at which water is delivered through pipes, typically measured in pounds per square inch (PSI).
Leak Detection
The process of identifying and locating leaks in plumbing systems, often using specialized equipment.
Plumbing Code
A set of regulations governing the installation and maintenance of plumbing systems to ensure safety and efficiency.
Emergency Plumbing
Plumbing services provided outside of regular business hours to address urgent issues such as burst pipes or severe leaks.
Pipe Insulation
Material used to wrap pipes to prevent heat loss, condensation, and freezing in cold weather.
Water Softener
A device that removes minerals such as calcium and magnesium from water to reduce hardness and prevent scale buildup in pipes and appliances.
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